быть
/[bɨtʲ]/
Russianverb
Definitions
- 1.to be
Так бы́ло, так есть и так бу́дет всегда́!
Tak býlo, tak jestʹ i tak búdet vsegdá! — So it was, so it is, and so it will always be! [from the State Anthem of the Russian Federation]
быть под каблуко́м
bytʹ pod kablukóm — to be henpecked
- 2.there be
У меня есть яблоко.
U menja jestʹ jabloko. — I have an apple.
Synonyms & related words
Etymology
Inherited from Old East Slavic бꙑти (byti), from Proto-Slavic *byti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bū́ˀtei. Cognate with Ukrainian бути (buty), Belarusian быць (bycʹ), Polish być. Other cognates include Sanskrit भू (bhū, “to be”), Latin futūrus, and English be. The present forms are suppletive, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.
Forms
- bytʹromanization
- бы́тьimperfective • infinitive
- су́щийactive • participle • present
- бы́вшийactive • participle • past
- -participle • passive • present
- -participle • passive • past
- бу́дучиadverbial • participle • present
- бы́вadverbial • participle • past
- бы́вшиadverbial • participle • past
- естьfirst-person • present • singular
- jestʹfirst-person • present • singular
- е́смьfirst-person • present • singular
- jésmʹfirst-person • present • singular
- бу́дуfirst-person • future • singular
- естьpresent • second-person • singular
- jestʹpresent • second-person • singular
- еси́present • second-person • singular
- jesípresent • second-person • singular
- е́сьpresent • second-person • singular
- jésʹpresent • second-person • singular
- бу́дешьfuture • second-person • singular
- естьpresent • singular • third-person
- бу́детfuture • singular • third-person
- естьfirst-person • plural • present
- jestʹfirst-person • plural • present
- есмы́first-person • plural • present
- jesmýfirst-person • plural • present
- бу́демfirst-person • future • plural
- естьplural • present • second-person
- jestʹplural • present • second-person
- е́стеplural • present • second-person
- jésteplural • present • second-person
- бу́детеfuture • plural • second-person
- естьplural • present • third-person
- jestʹplural • present • third-person
- су́тьplural • present • third-person
- sútʹplural • present • third-person
- бу́дутfuture • plural • third-person
- бу́дьimperative • second-person • singular
- búdʹimperative • second-person • singular
- бу́диimperative • second-person • singular
- búdiimperative • second-person • singular
- бу́дьтеimperative • plural • second-person
- бы́лmasculine • past • singular
- бы́лиmasculine • past • plural
- была́feminine • past • singular
- бы́лиfeminine • past • plural
- бы́лоneuter • past • singular
- бы́лиneuter • past • plural
- бы́тьdated • imperfective • infinitive
- су́щійactive • dated • participle • present
- бы́вшійactive • dated • participle • past
- -dated • participle • passive • present
- -dated • participle • passive • past
- бу́дучиadverbial • dated • participle • present
- бы́въadverbial • dated • participle • past
- бы́вшиadverbial • dated • participle • past
- естьdated • first-person • present • singular
- jestʹdated • first-person • present • singular
- е́смьdated • first-person • present • singular
- jésmʹdated • first-person • present • singular
- бу́дуdated • first-person • future • singular
- естьdated • present • second-person • singular
- jestʹdated • present • second-person • singular
- еси́dated • present • second-person • singular
- jesídated • present • second-person • singular
- е́сьdated • present • second-person • singular
- jésʹdated • present • second-person • singular
- бу́дешьdated • future • second-person • singular
- естьdated • present • singular • third-person
- бу́детъdated • future • singular • third-person
- естьdated • first-person • plural • present
- jestʹdated • first-person • plural • present
- есмы́dated • first-person • plural • present
- jesmýdated • first-person • plural • present
- бу́демъdated • first-person • future • plural
- естьdated • plural • present • second-person
- jestʹdated • plural • present • second-person
- е́стеdated • plural • present • second-person
- jéstedated • plural • present • second-person
- бу́детеdated • future • plural • second-person
- естьdated • plural • present • third-person
- jestʹdated • plural • present • third-person
- су́тьdated • plural • present • third-person
- sútʹdated • plural • present • third-person
- бу́дутъdated • future • plural • third-person
- бу́дьdated • imperative • second-person • singular
- búdʹdated • imperative • second-person • singular
- бу́диdated • imperative • second-person • singular
- búdidated • imperative • second-person • singular
- бу́дьтеdated • imperative • plural • second-person
- бы́лъdated • masculine • past • singular
- бы́лиdated • masculine • past • plural
- была́dated • feminine • past • singular
- бы́лиdated • feminine • past • plural
- бы́лоdated • neuter • past • singular
- бы́лиdated • neuter • past • plural
Conjugation
Infinitive:бы́ть, бы́ть
| I | есть, jestʹ, е́смь, jésmʹ, есть, jestʹ, е́смь, jésmʹ |
| you (sg) | есть, jestʹ, еси́, jesí, е́сь, jésʹ, есть, jestʹ, еси́, jesí, е́сь, jésʹ |
| he/she/it | есть, есть |
| we | есть, jestʹ, есмы́, jesmý, есть, jestʹ, есмы́, jesmý |
| you (pl) | есть, jestʹ, е́сте, jéste, есть, jestʹ, е́сте, jéste |
| they | есть, jestʹ, су́ть, sútʹ, есть, jestʹ, су́ть, sútʹ |
I
есть, jestʹ, е́смь, jésmʹ, есть, jestʹ, е́смь, jésmʹ
you (sg)
есть, jestʹ, еси́, jesí, е́сь, jésʹ, есть, jestʹ, еси́, jesí, е́сь, jésʹ
he/she/it
есть, есть
we
есть, jestʹ, есмы́, jesmý, есть, jestʹ, есмы́, jesmý
you (pl)
есть, jestʹ, е́сте, jéste, есть, jestʹ, е́сте, jéste
they
есть, jestʹ, су́ть, sútʹ, есть, jestʹ, су́ть, sútʹ
Other Forms
present active:су́щий, бу́дучи, су́щій, бу́дучи
past active:бы́вший, бы́в, бы́вши, бы́вшій, бы́въ, бы́вши
present passive:-, -
past passive:-, -